Mini-Doc: Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) – A Hidden Challenge in PIDs

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung condition where protein and lipid material build up in the air sacs, making breathing difficult. In the context of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs), PAP presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that often go unrecognized. Diagnosis typically relies on high-resolution CT imaging and sometimes bronchoscopy with lavage. For autoimmune PAP, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) therapy has shown promise. In PID-associated PAP, managing the underlying immune defect is essential alongside supportive care. Patient perspectives highlight the importance of early referral to specialized centers and access to support networks. This mini-documentary aims to raise awareness among clinicians and families so that PAP in PIDs is identified sooner and managed more effectively.